Acid-base theory

Broenstedt acid-base reaction

Exercise 2

        

Separate aqueous solutions of the following substances were prepared. Make an inventory of the major chemical species present in these solutions and write the equations for acid-base reactions that occur when they are mixed together.

a) Ammonium chloride/ sodium hydroxide

$NH_4^+$ and $Cl^-$ / $Na^+$ and $OH^-$ $ NH_4^+$ $ +$ $ OH^-$ $ \rightarrow $ $ NH_3$ $ +$ $ H_2O$

b) Hydrogen bromide / ammonium dihydrogenphosphate

$H_3O^+ $ and $ Br^-$ / $NH_4^+$ and $ H_2PO_4^-$ $H_3O+$ $ +$ $ H_2PO_4^-$ $ \rightleftarrows $ $ H_2O$ $ +$ $ H_3PO_4$

c) Potassium carbonate/ acetic acid

$ K^+$ and $ CO_3^{2-}$ / $CH_3COOH$ $ CH_3COOH$ $ + $ $CO_3^{2-}$ $ \rightarrow $ $CH_3COO^–$ $ +$ $ HCO_3^-$. then, if acetic acid is in excess: $ CH_3COOH $ $+$ $ HCO_3^- $ $ \rightleftarrows$ $ CH_3COO^–$ $ + $ $H_2CO_3^-$

d) Ammonium chloride/diethylamine

$NH_4^+ $ and $ Cl^-$ / $(C_2H_5)_2NH$ $NH_4^+$ $ + $ $(C_2H_5)_2NH $ $\rightleftarrows $ $ NH_3 $ $+ $ $(C_2H_5)_2NH_2^+$

e) Potassium acetate/fluorhydric acid

$ K+$ and $ CH_3COO^–$ / $HF$ $CH_3COO^–$ $ + $ $HF$ $ \rightleftarrows $ $ CH_3COOH$ $ +$ $ F^-$

f) Sodium ethanolate/ chlorhydric acid

$Na^+$ and $CH_3CH_2OH$ and $OH^-$ /$ H_3O^+$ and $Cl^-$ $H_3O^+$ $ + $ $OH^-$ $ \rightarrow $ $H_2O$ $ + $ $H_2O$