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1. Ammonium molybdate $(NH_4)_6Mo_7O_{24}$ (in the presence of $HNO_3$) |
$7H_3PO_4$ $+$ $12(NH_4)_6Mo_7O_{24}$ $+$ $51HNO_3$ $\rightarrow$ $36H_2O$ $+$ $51NH_4NO_3$ $+$ $7[(NH_4)_3PO_4\cdot 12 MoO_3]$ - Dense yellow precipitate - Wait for minutes - Possibly heat |
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2. Magnesium mixture ($MgCl_2$/$NH_4Cl$/eau/few $HCl$) |
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$PO_4^{3-}$ $+$ $Mg^{2+}$ $+$ $NH_4^+$ $\rightarrow$ $MgNH_4PO_4$ - White precipitate - Soluble in dilute mineral acids |
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3. $Ag^+$ (Silver nitrate) |
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$PO_4^{3-}+3Ag^+$ $\rightarrow$ $Ag_3PO_4$ - Yellow precipitate - Soluble in $HNO3$ and $NH_3$ (diff. in $AgI$) |
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3. $Ba^{2+}$ (Barium chloride) |
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$2PO_4^{3-}+3Ba^{2+}$ $\rightarrow$ $Ba_3(PO_4)_2$ - White precipitate - Soluble in $HCl$ and $CH_3COOH$ |