Nomenclature of alkanes
The nomenclature of non-cyclic alkanes
Definition
Non-cyclic alkanes are carbon and hydrogen compounds without cycles or multiple bonds.
The structure of a name
Prefixes-Root-ane
The root
The root is formed by the main chain which is the longest chain of C atoms.
1 atome C: ....meth....
2 atomes C: ....eth....
3 atomes C: ....prop....
4 atomes C: ....but....
5 atomes C: ....pent....
6 atomes C: ....hex....
7 atomes C: ....hept....
8 atomes C: ....oct....
9 atomes C: ....non....
10 atomes C: ....dec....
Prefixes
The side chains are prefixed.
Their nomenclature is the same as for the main root, except the suffix - yl .
The numbering of their attachment position to the main chain is done in such a way that the number formed by the ranked indices in ascending order is as small as possible.
Name this substance:
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Two methyl groups, 23<34...
