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Mercury(I) chloride
The behavior of Hg(I) is characterized by the dismutation to Hg(II) and metal Hg.
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1. $Cl^-$ |
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$Hg_2^{2+}$ $+$ $2Cl^-$ $\longrightarrow$ $Hg_2Cl_2$ - Calomel - White precipitate - Blackened by $NH_3$: $Hg_2Cl_2$ $+$ $2NH_3$ $\longrightarrow$ $Hg^o$ $+$ $HgCl(NH_2)$ $+$ $NH_4Cl$ - $Hg^o$ black precipitate - $HgCl(NH_2)$ white precipitate |
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2. $S^{2-}$ |
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$Hg_2^{2+}$ $+$ $S^{2-}$ $\longrightarrow$ $Hg^o$ $+$ $HgS$ - $Hg^o$ black precipitate, soluble in $HNO_3$ - $HgS$ black precipitate, soluble in $HNO_3-HCl$ |
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3. $KOH$ |
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$Hg_2^{2+}$ $+$ $2OH^-$ $\longrightarrow$ $H_2O$ $+$ $HgO$ $+$ $Hg^o$ - $Hg^o$ black precipitate - $HgO$ yellow precipitate |
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4. $NH_3$ |
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$2Hg_2^{2+}$ $+$ $NH_3$ $+$ $3OH^-$ $\longrightarrow$ $2Hg^o$ $+$ $2H_2O$ $+$ $Hg_2OCl(NH_2)$ - White precipitate |
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5. $KI$ |
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$Hg_2^{2+}$ $+$ $2I^-$ $\longrightarrow$ $Hg_2I_2$ - Olive-green precipitate $Hg_2I_2$ $+$ $2I^-$ (excess) $\longrightarrow$ $Hg^o$ $+$ $HgI_4^{2-}$ - Tetraiodomercurate(II) - Soluble, colorless |
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6. $SnCl_2$ |
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$Hg_2Cl_2$ $+$ $Sn^{2+}$ $\longrightarrow$ $2Hg^o$ $+$ $2Cl^-$ $+$ $Sn^{4+}$ - Black precipitate |
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7. $K_2CrO_4$ |
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$Hg_2^{2+}$ $+$ $CrO_4^{2-}$ $\longrightarrow$ $Hg_2CrO_4$ - Red precipitate |