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# Evolution of the pH during the titration of a strong acid by a strong base:

Thereafter we call $x$ the volume $(mL)$ of $NaOH$ already added.

### Initial concentration of the acid

$c_{Α}$ = $\frac{c_BV_B}{V_{Α}}$ = $\frac{0.05\cdot 0.040}{0.020}$ = $0.10 \frac{mol}{L}$

1.

### $pH$ at the beginning of the titration  $(x=0)$

The strong acid $HCl$ is present alone, its concentration is $c_{Α}=0,10 \;M$ $pH=-logc_{Α}$ $pH\;=\;1$

2.

### $pH$ before the equivalence point  $(x\;\lt\;40)$

(For simplicity, we consider the substances first as if they were not dissociated)

$c_{HCl}$ = $\frac{n_{HCl}}{(V_{Α}+x)10^{-3}}$ = $\frac{0.1\cdot20\cdot10^{-3}-0,05\cdot x\cdot10^{-3}}{(20+x)10^{-3}}$ = $\frac{2-0.05\cdot x}{20+x}$ $pH$ $=$ $-log( \frac{2-0,05\cdot x}{20+x})$

3.

### $pH$ at the equivalence point  $(x\;=\;40)$

$HCl$ and $NaOH$ reacted completely, remains a neutral $NaCl$ solution: $pH = 7$

4.

### $pH$ after the equivalence point  $(x\;\gt\;40)$

$c_{NaOH}$ = $\frac{n_{NaOH}}{(V_{Α}+x)10^{-3}}$ = $\frac{0.05\cdot x\cdot10^{-3}-0.1\cdot20\cdot10^{-3}}{(20+x)10^{-3}}$ = $\frac{0.05\cdot x-2}{20+x}$ $pH$ $=$ $14$ $+$ $log( \frac{0.05\cdot x-2}{20+x})$

→   Here you find simulations of such titrations