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Ammonium chloride
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1. Nessler's reagent |
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= mixture of $[HgI_4]^{2-} $ and $NaOH$ $NH_4^+$ + $2[HgI_4]^{2}$ $\longrightarrow$ $ O(Hg_2)NH_2I$ (precipitate orange) $+7I^-+3H_2O$ - Heat eventually! |
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2. Heat treatment by KOH (dissolved) or dry Ca(OH)_2 |
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Production of $NH_3$ which is revealed by the odor or with a glass rod moistened with concentrated $HCl$ |
Common reagents with potassium
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a) Sodium hexanitrocobaltate $Na_3[Co^{III}(NO_2)_6]$ |
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$NH_4^+$ + $[Co^{III}(NO_2)_6]^{3-}$ $\longrightarrow$ $(NH_4)_3[Co^{III}(NO_2)_6]$ - yellow precipitate - $K^+$ produces also a yellow precipitate: $K_2Na[Co^{III}(NO_2)_6]$ (see) - $NH_4^+$ and $NO_2^-$ may react and liberate $N_2$ ! |
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b) Chloroplatinic acid $(NH_4)_2[PtCl_6]$ |
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$2NH_4^+$ + $[PtCl_6^{2-}]$ $\longrightarrow$ $ (NH_4)_2[PtCl_6]$ - yellow cristalline precipitate) - $K^+$ produces also a yellow cristalline precipitate $K_2[PtCl_6]$ |