The reaction between sodium and chlorine

What is the purpose of the initial heating?

It starts the reaction. It provides activation energy (Compare with the energy a child must provide to climb up to a toboggan !).

The reaction liberates heat. How is such a reaction called?

The reaction is exothermic.

Two elementary substances combine to give a compound. How do we call that type of reaction?

It is called synthesis.

Write the equation of the reaction !

$4Na$ $+$ $O_2$ $\longrightarrow$ $2Na_2O$.